理想气体吸热和放热的讨论

根据热力学第一定律和理想气体状态方程推导了理想气体的热容量公式,并对理想气体在p-V图上的直线过程和循环过程的温度变化及吸热和放热进行了讨论.     

彩色透明微晶玻璃的吸收光谱

在Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃中掺入少量晶核剂TiO2,ZrO2,P2O5，再掺入稀土离子和过渡金属离子作为着色剂，在高温下溶制得到彩色透明玻璃，对上述玻璃进行微晶化处理，用差热分析（DTA）确定其晶化温度，测定与讨论了所获彩色透明微晶玻璃在紫外波段至近红外波段的吸收光谱特性，研究结果表明，玻璃微晶化后，由于基质玻璃对光的微弱散射，引起吸收的增强，但不改变稀土离子和过渡金属离子的本征吸收峰位。     

Microperforated insertion units: An alternative strategy to design microperforated panels

Microperforated panels (MPPs) coupled to a rigid wall have been proposed recently as an alternative to porous absorbers in situations having concerns with bacterial contamination and small particles discharge, like food, pharmaceutical and microelectronic industries. There exists also an increasing interest for MPP absorbers in the transportation industry and civil engineering. In general, an optimally designed MPP with good broadband absorption requires many submillimetric holes distributed over a panel of also submillimetric thickness. Such thin plates or foils become so fragile that they need to be protected from mechanical damage. In this paper, an alternative strategy is investigated which allows the design of MPPs with panels of millimetric thickness while maintaining their acoustic performance. These absorbers, named microperforated insertion units (MIUs), avoid the structural problems of the classical MPPs. An assessment of the sound absorption properties of these structures is presented. Comparisons between calculations and measurements are also made under two experimental conditions: plane waves at normal incidence (impedance tube) and free field (anechoic room).     

声流现象的研究及其应用

本文从声流产生的机理出发，综合了影响声流的诸因素，介绍了声流现象的检测方法及声流效应的应用。     

双轴晶体Nd^3＋：KGd（WO4）2的非偏振吸收光谱研究

报道了用三个方向相互垂直的非偏振吸收光谱测量计算Ｊｕｄｄ－Ｏｆｅｌｔ参数从而算出双轴晶体Ｎｄ３＋ＫＧｄ（ＷＯ４）２的荧光寿命、荧光分支比和发射截面的方法。得到的荧光寿命为１１９μｓ，平均发射截面为２．３×１０－１９ｃｍ２。     

K2O-ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2系掺Cr3+透明莫来石微晶玻璃的研究

采用了X射线衍射、透射电镜和吸收光谱及荧光光谱技术研究了K2O－ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3－SiO2系掺Cr^3 玻璃的析晶性能和光谱。研究结果表明：在K2O－Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2系掺Cr^3 玻璃的基础上引入ZnO后，析晶性能明显改善；析晶温度降低，析出的纳米莫来石微晶均匀、规则；微晶玻璃的发光强度明显增强。     

Chemically controlled pattern formation in phase-separating materials

Summary The role of chemical reactions in the selection of patterns in phase-separating mixtures is presented. Linearized theory and computer simulation show that the initial long-wavelength instability characteristic of spinodal decomposition is suppressed by chemical reactions, which restrict domain growth to intermediate length scales even in the late stages of phase separation. Our findings suggest that chemical reactions may provide a novel way to stabilize and tune the steady-state morphology of phase-separating materials. Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994.     

PHOTOPHYSICAL STUDIES ON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS——TIME-RESOLVED TRANSIENT ABSORPTION SPECTRA STUDIES ON TRIPHENYLAMINE IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS

The transient absorption spectra of triphenylamine (TPA) in various solvents have beeninvestigated by the methods of nanosecond laser photolysis. The lifetimes of TPA were meas-ured. In hexane and ethanol, the transient absorptions of triplet state and triplet excimer ofTPA were observed. However, the transient absorptions of the TPA cation radical was alsoobserved in acetonitrile besides that of the triplet TPA monomer and excimer. According tothe experimental facts, the transient photophysical mechanism of TPA in various solvents hasbeen proposed.     

X-ray damage characterization in BaLiF3,KMgF3 and LiCaAlF6 complex fluorides

Two-inch sized KMgF₃,BaLiF₃ and LiCaAlF₆ (LiCAF) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method under a CF₄ atmosphere. X-ray irradiation was used to carry out a comparative study of induced optical absorption phenomena and colour centre creation in the ultra-violet and visible spectral regions. The integral of the induced absorption spectra is significantly lower in LiCAF with respect to the other studied materials. It is found that the amplitude of the F-absorption band is suppressed more than a factor of 3 by Mg-doping. For Mg-doped crystals, the optimum doping concentration is about 0.2 mol% of Mg²⁺.